Freedman M (1), Binns M (2), Gao F (3), Holmes M (3), Roseborough A (3), Strother S (4), Vallesi A (5), Jeffers S (6), Alain C (7), Whitehouse P (8), Ryan JD (9), Chen R (10), Cusimano MD (11), Black SE (12). Interazioni mente-materia e lobi frontali del cervello: un nuovo modello neurobiologico dell'inibizione psi. Esplora (NY). 2017 Oct 23. pii: S1550-8307 (17) 30145-3. doi: 10.1016 / j.explore.2017.08.003. Informazioni sugli autori: (1) Dipartimento di Medicina (Neurologia) e Sam e Ida Ross Memory Clinic, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dipartimento di Medicina (Neurologia), Mt. Ospedale del Sinai e Università di Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada. Indirizzo elettronico: E-Mail: [email protected]; (2) Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Università di Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; (3) LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit e Hurvitz Brain Science Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; (4) Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada; Dipartimento di Biofisica Medica, Università di Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; (5) Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Padova, Via Giustiniani 5, 35128 Padova, Italia; Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo, IRCCS, Lido-Venezia, Italia; (6) Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada; (7) Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada; Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Toronto, Toronto, Canada; (8) Dipartimento di Neurologia, Case Western Reserve University, 2895 Carlton Road, Shaker Heights, Ohio 44122; Dipartimento di Medicina (Neurologia), Università di Toronto, Toronto, Canada; (9) Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada; Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Università di Toronto, Toronto, Canada; (10) Dipartimento di Medicina (Neurologia), Università di Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network e Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada; (11) Divisione di Neurochirurgia, Università di Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Ospedale di St. Michael, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; (12) Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada; LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit e Hurvitz Brain Science Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Dipartimento di Medicina (Neurologia), Università di Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada.
Riassunto.
Contesto.
Nonostante una vasta letteratura su psi, che comprende una serie di esperienze tra cui la telepatia putativa (connessioni mente-mente), la chiaroveggenza (percezione di oggetti o eventi lontani), la precognizione (percezione di eventi futuri) e le interazioni mente-materia, non vi è stato un focus sufficiente sul cervello in relazione a questo fenomeno controverso. Al contrario, la nostra ricerca si basa su un nuovo modello neurobiologico che suggerisce che i sistemi del cervello frontale agiscono come un filtro per inibire la psi e che i meccanismi inibitori possono riguardare l'auto-consapevolezza.
Obbiettivi.
Identificare le regioni del cervello frontale che possono inibire la psi.
Assetto sperimentale.
Abbiamo usato interazioni mente-materia per studiare la psi in due partecipanti con danno al lobo frontale. Il compito sperimentale era di influenzare l'output numerico di un generatore di eventi casuali tradotto in movimento di una freccia sullo schermo di un computer a destra oa sinistra. La RM cerebrale è stata analizzata per determinare la perdita di volume frontale.
Risultati.
L'area primaria di lesione si sovrapponeva tra i partecipanti nella regione mediana centrale frontale sinistra, un'area correlata all'autocoscienza e coinvolta nelle aree 9, 10 e 32 di Brodmann. Entrambi i partecipanti hanno mostrato un effetto significativo nello spostamento della freccia a destra , cioè, controlaterale al lato dove le lesioni primaria si sovrappongono. Le dimensioni degli effetti erano molto più grandi rispetto ai partecipanti normali.
Conclusioni.
I lobi frontali mediali possono agire come un filtro biologico per inibire la psi attraverso meccanismi legati all'autocoscienza. Gli studi neurobiologici focalizzati sul cervello possono aprire nuove vie di ricerca su psi e possono far progredire in modo significativo lo stato di questo campo scarsamente compreso.
---
Freedman M (1), Binns M (2), Gao F (3), Holmes M (3), Roseborough A (3), Strother S (4), Vallesi A (5), Jeffers S (6), Alain C (7), Whitehouse P (8), Ryan JD (9), Chen R (10), Cusimano MD (11), Black SE (12).Mind-Matter Interactions and the Frontal Lobes of the Brain: A Novel Neurobiological Model of Psi Inhibition.Explore (NY). 2017 Oct 23. pii: S1550-8307(17)30145-3. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2017.08.003. Author information: (1) Department of Medicine (Neurology) and Sam and Ida Ross Memory Clinic, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine (Neurology), Mt. Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada. Electronic address: [email protected]; (2) Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; (3) LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit and Hurvitz Brain Science Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; (4) Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; (5) Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 5, 35128 Padova, Italy; Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo, IRCCS, Lido-Venice, Italy; (6) Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada; (7) Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; (8) Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, 2895 Carlton Road, Shaker Heights, Ohio 44122; Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; (9) Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; (10) Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network and Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada; (11) Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; (12) Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada; LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit and Hurvitz Brain Science Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada.
Abstract
CONTEXT:
Despite a large literature on psi, which encompasses a range of experiences including putative telepathy (mind-mind connections), clairvoyance (perceiving distant objects or events), precognition (perceiving future events), and mind-matter interactions, there has been insufficient focus on the brain in relation to this controversial phenomenon. In contrast, our research is based on a novel neurobiological model suggesting that frontal brain systems act as a filter to inhibit psi and that the inhibitory mechanisms may relate to self-awareness.
OBJECTIVE:
To identify frontal brain regions that may inhibit psi.
DESIGN:
We used mind-matter interactions to study psi in two participants with frontal lobe damage. The experimental task was to influence numerical output of a Random Event Generator translated into movement of an arrow on a computer screen to the right or left. Brain MRI was analyzed to determine frontal volume loss.
RESULTS:
The primary area of lesion overlap between the participants was in the left medial middle frontal region, an area related to self-awareness, and involved Brodmann areas 9, 10, and 32. Both participants showed a significant effect in moving the arrow to the right, i.e., contralateral to the side of primary lesion overlap. Effect sizes were much larger compared to normal participants.
CONCLUSIONS:
The medial frontal lobes may act as a biological filter to inhibit psi through mechanisms related to self-awareness. Neurobiological studies with a focus on the brain may open new avenues of research on psi and may significantly advance the state of this poorly understood field.